Pay-for-performance (PFP) is considered one of the strongest tools to motivate employees, yet despite its popularity, it can sometimes create stress for workers that results in decreased performance, creativity, and engagement. New research suggests that how employees view their supervisor has a role in determining whether workers view PFP as a motivating challenge, leading them to achieve new heights, or a stressful threat that impacts their work. The authors offer tips for companies and managers on how to best harness the benefits of PFP while addressing some of the ways it can lead to stress.